Ko te tautohetohe tata nei—me te hurihanga o ngā kaupapa here—mō te whakamahinga o ngā kopare kanohi hei ārai i te horapa o te Covid-19 e whakaatu ana i tētahi paerewa rua e kitea ana. Mō ētahi take, kua rerekē tā mātou whakahaere i tēnei take motuhake o te hauora tūmatanui. Kāore mātou e kite i ngā tuhinga e pātai ana mēnā me noho te tangata i te 6 putu te tawhiti i a rātou anō i te huarahi, kaua ki te 3 putu, e whakapae ana rānei mēnā he whakaaro pai te whakatairanga i ngā wā horoi ringa e 20 hēkona te roa. Engari mō te hipoki i ō tātou mata, kua whakamahia he tino kaha o te mātauranga. I ngā wiki tata nei, kua tohutohu ngā tohunga kia tūpato—kua whakahē rānei i te whakamahinga o ngā kopare e te marea whānui—i a rātou e tono ana kia pai ake, kia kaha ake te whakatau. He aha?
He tika tā rātou, ko te tikanga, kāore ngā tuhinga rangahau mō te whakamahinga o ngā kopare e whakarato ana i ngā whakautu tino tika. Kāore he whakamātautau haumanu nui e whakaatu ana ka taea e te whakamahinga whaiaro o ngā kopare te aukati i te horapa o te mate urutā; ā, ko ngā mea e titiro ana ki ngā kopare me te rewharewha kua puta he hua koretake. Engari kāore tēnei iti o ngā taunakitanga e whakaatu mai i te nui o ngā mea: Kāore ngā whakamātautau e whakaatu ana he whai hua ngā kopare, he morearea rānei, he moumou taima rānei. Nā te mea he iti noa ngā rangahau, ā, he maha ngā raruraru tikanga.
Hei tauira, he whakamātautau matapōkere nui i whakamahia ai ngā kōpare kanohi i waenga i ngā ākonga kāreti o Amerika i te wā rewharewha o te tau 2006–07. Kāore i tino kitea te hiranga o te whakahekenga o te mate i waenga i te hunga e mau ana i ngā kōpare kanohi i roto i taua rangahau. Engari nā te mea i whakahaerehia te rangahau i te wā i kitea ai he wā ngawari mō te rewharewha, kāore i te rawaka te kaha tatauranga o te whakamātautau mō taua pātai; kāore i te nui te hunga mate kia taea ai e ngā kairangahau te whakatau mēnā i pai ake te mau kōpare mā te akuaku ringa anake. Kāore hoki i taea e rātou te whakakore i te tūponotanga kua pangia kētia ngā ākonga i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakamātautau.
Me tango rānei tētahi atu rangahau mō taua wā rewharewha anō, i tēnei wā i Ahitereiria, kāore i kitea he pānga tuturu. I tirohia e taua rangahau ngā pakeke e noho tahi ana me ngā tamariki e pangia ana e te rewharewha. Neke atu i te haurua o te hunga i whakaurua ki te rōpū mau kopare i kī mai i whakamahi i aua kopare "i te nuinga, i te katoa rānei o te wā." Inaa, he maha tonu ā rātou moe i te taha o ā rātou tamariki mate me te kore tamariki. Kāore tēnei i te rite ki te pātai mehemea me mau kopare koe i waenganui i ngā tāngata tauhou i te toa hoko kai i waenganui i te mate urutā.
Engari koinei te mea: Tērā pea ka puta ngā amuamu ōrite mō ngā taunakitanga e tautoko ana i te whakamahinga o ngā kopare e ngā kaimahi hauora. Ahakoa e whakaae ana te katoa he mea tino nui tēnei mahi i roto i ngā hōhipera me ngā whare hauora, ehara i te mea nā te mea he taunakitanga whakaū kei a mātou mai i ngā whakamātautau matapōkere. Ko ngā whakamātautau haumanu torutoru kei a mātou mō te whakamahi i ngā kopare mō ngā kaimahi hauora hei ārai i te rewharewha kāore e whakaatu i te pānga mārama; kāore hoki e taea te whakaatu he pai ake te mahi a ngā manawa N95 kaha ake i ngā kopare pokanga. He tawhiti rawa atu aua whakamātautau i te pai. Hei tauira, i whakamatauria e tētahi te whai huatanga o ngā kopare kakahu mā te whakataurite i ngā kaimahi hauora i mau i a rātou ki te hunga e mau ana i ngā kopare pokanga, i ngā manawa rānei, me tētahi rōpū whakahaere i whai i te "tikanga paerewa" i roto i te hōhipera. I puta ko te nuinga o ngā kaimahi i roto i te rōpū whakahaere i mau kopare pokanga, nō reira kāore i taea e te rangahau te whakaatu mēnā he pai ake (he kino ake rānei) ngā kopare kakahu i te kore mau kopare.
Ina hoki, ko te pūtake pūtaiao mō ngā kaimahi hauora e whakamahi ana i ngā kopare kanohi ehara i te mea i ahu mai i ngā whakamātautau haumanu o ngā pakarutanga rewharewha, i ngā mate urutā rānei. I ahu mai i ngā whakatauira taiwhanga e whakaatu ana ka taea e ngā kopare te aukati i ngā matūriki huaketo kia kore e uru—he rua tekau pea ngā momo o aua mea—ā, mai i ngā rangahau whakahaere-take i te wā o te mate urutā coronavirus o te tau 2003 i puta ai te SARS. Kāore aua rangahau SARS i herea noa ki ngā kaimahi hauora.
He pono ko ngā kaimahi hauora, ko ētahi atu tāngata rānei e tiaki ana i te hunga e mate ana i te Covid-19, he nui ake te pānga o te mate korona ki ngā tāngata katoa. I roto i te horopaki o te korenga o ngā kopare kanohi, he mārama kei a rātou te mana matua ki te whakamahi. Engari ehara tēnā i te take ki te kī kāore he tautoko mō te whakamahinga o ngā kopare kanohi e te katoa. Heoi anō, kāore he whakamātautau haumanu e whakaatu ana ko te tawhiti hapori 6-putu te tawhiti ka ārai i te mate, e ai ki tā mātou e mōhio ana. (E taunaki ana te World Health Organization kia 3-putu te tawhiti.) Kāore hoki ngā whakamātautau haumanu e whakaatu ana he pai ake te horoi i ō tātou ringa mō te 20 hēkona i te horoi mō te 10 hēkona ina tae mai ki te whakawhāiti i te horapa o te mate i roto i te mate urutā manawa. Ko te pūtake pūtaiao mō taua tohutohu horoi ringa 20-hekona mai i te US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention i ahu mai i ngā rangahau taiwhanga e ine ana i te huaketo i runga i ngā ringa i muri i ngā wā horoi rerekē.
Nō hea rā te pūtake o tēnei paerewa rua mō ngā kopare kanohi—ā, he aha i whakarērea ai?
Ki taku whakaaro ko te nuinga o te wā nā te mea kua whakaitihia tonutia e tātou tēnei huaketo, me te whakanui rawa i tō tātou ake kaha ki te whakahaere i a ia. I ohorere a Miao Hua, he tohunga tātai tangata me te kaihautū hauora i te Hōhipera o Mount Sinai i te Tāone o Niu Ioka, i te rerekētanga o ngā waiaro ki te whakahaere mate i te US ki Wuhan. I Haina, i tuhituhi ia i ētahi wiki kua pahure ake nei, nā te horapa i roto i ngā hōhipera i tere te pehi i te whakaaro he nui ngā rautaki pupuri noa hei aukati i tēnei mate korona hou. He mea whakamiharo ngā mea i rangona e ia mai i Haina, e ai ki a ia, ā, he tino āwangawanga i te mea "kāore te hapori hauora o Amerika i rēhita i te ahurei o mua o Covid-19".
Ko te panonitanga o ngā kaupapa here a te CDC mō te tautoko i ngā kopare kanohi e kī ana kua roa pea tēnei whakaae. E ai ki te kōrero a te tari, ko te panonitanga nā te nui o ngā taunakitanga e kī ana kāore te mate e horapa pērā i te rewharewha: ka taea e te tangata te pangia, ā, kāore he tohu o te mate, ā, ka horapa pea te huaketo mā te kōrero, me te maremare, te tihe, me te pā ki ngā mata kua poke.
Ki taku whakaaro ko te kore e pai ki te whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o ngā kōpare e te marea whānui, me te whakamahi i te paerewa rua mō ngā taunakitanga tautoko, i ahu mai anō i ngā āwangawanga kāore e taea e te tangata te whakamahi i ngā kōpare me te kore e poke i a rātou anō. Mēnā rānei ka puta he whakaaro teka mō te haumaru o ngā kōpare, ka ārahi i a rātou ki te whakaheke i te tawhiti hapori, i ētahi atu tikanga rānei. Heoi, he mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua i konei, pērā i te tikanga horoi ringa tino pai. I ako a Stella Quah, he tohunga hapori i te Whare Wānanga o Singapore, i ngā āhuatanga pāpori o te mate urutā SARS i Singapore, i reira i whakaurua ai e te kaupapa hauora tūmatanui te mātauranga mō te akuaku ringa, me te tango i ngā pāmahana me te whakamahinga tika o ngā kōpare kanohi. I hurihia e te CDC tana aratohu mō ngā kōpare kanohi i te Paraire whakamutunga, kātahi ka tukuna ētahi tohutohu iti mō te mau me te tango atu, me ngā tohutohu mō te hanga i tāu ake mai i te huinga o ngā bandana me ngā tātari kawhe.
Heoi, he mea nui te nui ake o te mātauranga i tērā, mēnā he mea tika kia whai whakaaro ki ngā whakaahua katoa e kitea ana i runga i te pouaka whakaata o te hunga he kopare ā-kanohi kāore e hipoki ana i ō rātou ihu, kauae rānei. He akoranga anō kei roto i ngā hītori o nāianei. Whai muri i te Āwhā a Katrina, i tūtohutia ngā taputapu manawa mō te hunga e mahi ana i ngā mahi whakaora pokepokea ai i New Orleans. I whakaatuhia e tētahi rangahau mō te mahi a tēnā mō tētahi tauira matapōkere o te 538 tāngata noho te hiahia mō te mātauranga: 24 ōrau anake i mau tika i a rātou, ā, he maha ngā wā ko rātou te hunga kua whakamahi i a rātou i mua; i taua wā, 22 ōrau o te hunga i mau i ā rātou taputapu manawa ki raro. I whakatau ngā kaituhi o taua rangahau: "Me whai whakaaro ki ngā wawaotanga hei whakapai ake i te mau i ngā taputapu manawa i roto i te whakamahere, i ngā mate urutā rewharewha me ngā aituā." I kitea e tētahi rangahau i te tau 2014 i Wuhan he nui ake te whakamahinga tika o ngā taputapu manawa i roto i ngā kaimahi ehara i te hunga hauora i muri i te whakangungu.
Tērā pea i whai hua te whakamahinga whānui (me te tika) o ngā kopare i te wā i mawhiti ai te huaketo i te pehitanga? I hangaia e tētahi rangahau i te tau 2018 e Jin Yan me ōna hoa mahi mai i te US Food and Drug Administration tētahi tauira i runga i ngā whakaaro mai i ngā raraunga taiwhanga. I whakatau rātou mēnā 20 ōrau anake o te tangata e whakamahi ana i ngā kopare, kāore e whai hua te horapa o te rewharewha. Heoi, i te 50 ōrau te tutuki, me te whakamahi i ngā kopare pokanga tātari-teitei, tera pea he nui te pānga. He hua ariā noa iho tēnā, ā, e mōhio ana tātou kua pehia ngā pakarutanga Covid-19 i ngā wāhi kāore i te whānui te whakamahinga o ngā kopare. I tētahi atu taha, ina kore e taea te whakahaere i te pakarutanga, he mea nui ahakoa he iti noa te takoha.
I te mutunga, he uaua ki te mawhiti i te whakapae ko te paerewa rua mō ngā kopare he iti ake te pānga ki te pūtaiao, engari he rerekētanga ahurea mō te āhua o tā tātou urupare ki ngā mate urutā. Kua kitea te rerekētanga mai i te mate urutā tuatahi o te coronavirus, te SARS, i whakarerekē i ngā waiaro me ngā whanonga mō te hauora tūmatanui i Āhia. Ehara i te mea ko ngā kopare anake: He rerekē hoki ngā whanonga a ngā whenua ehara i te Āhia mō te tirotiro i te pāmahana o te tangata, te patu huakita rānei i ngā wāhi tūmatanui. Heoi, kāore he mea hou mō tēnei ia. He maha ā tātou tono mō ngā taunakitanga motuhake ina kore e ōrite te mahi ki ō tātou whakaaro o mua. Heoi, he mea noa iho tēnā; ā, kāore ngā kaipūtaiao i te ārai i tēnei.
Kei te whakarato a WIRED i te urunga kore utu ki ngā kōrero mō te hauora tūmatanui me te tiaki i a koe anō i te wā o te mate urutā coronavirus. Waitohu mō tā mātou pānui Whakahōu Coronavirus mō ngā whakahōutanga hou, me te ohauru ki te tautoko i tā mātou mahi pāpāho.
Ko WIRED te wāhi e whakatinanahia ai āpōpō. Koinei te puna nui o ngā mōhiotanga me ngā ariā e whakamārama ana i te ao e huri haere tonu ana. E whakamārama ana te kōrero WIRED i te āhua o te hangarau e whakarerekē ana i ngā āhuatanga katoa o ō tātou oranga—mai i te ahurea ki te pakihi, te pūtaiao ki te hoahoa. Ko ngā putanga hou me ngā auahatanga e huraina ana e tātou ka arahi ki ngā huarahi whakaaro hou, ngā hononga hou, me ngā ahumahi hou.
© 2020 Condé Nast. Pūmau te mana. Ko te whakamahinga o tēnei pae tukutuku he whakaae ki tā mātou Whakaaetanga Kaiwhakamahi (whakahoutia i te 1/1/20) me te Kaupapahere Tūmataiti me te Tauākī Pihikete (whakahoutia i te 1/1/20) me ō Mana Tūmataiti o California. Kaua e Hokona aku Mōhiohio Whaiaro. Ka whiwhi pea a Wired i tētahi wāhanga o ngā hoko mai i ngā hua i hokona mā roto i tā mātou pae tukutuku hei wāhanga o ā mātou Hononga Hononga me ngā kaihokohoko. Kāore e whakaaetia kia tāruatia, kia tohatohahia, kia tukuna, kia rongoatia, kia whakamahia rānei ngā rauemi o tēnei pae tukutuku, engari me te whakaaetanga tuhituhi o mua mai i a Condé Nast. Ngā Kōwhiringa Pānui
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-09-2020